Part of the Killpecker Dune Field is a Wilderness Study Area. The spectacular northern dunes show little sign of human activity. One of the unique features of the sand dunes is the Eolian Ice-Cells that feed pools at the base of many large dunes. These are formed as snow and ice accumulate on the leeward side of the dunes and then are covered by blowing sand. The buried ice cells then slowly melt during the summer months to supply these ponds with fresh water.

Valuable habitat for big game is found throughout the area. The dunes help support the only herd of desert elk in Wyoming.

Cultural values vary from prehistoric Indian campsites to historic homesteads. Numerous scatters of ancient artifacts have been found at various points throughout the area.